routers operate at which layer of the osi model. Routers work on layer 3, i. routers operate at which layer of the osi model

 
 Routers work on layer 3, irouters operate at which layer of the osi model Layer 1: The Physical Layer

A router is a commonly utilised Layer 3 device. There are seven layers, and the networking layer would be layer 3. RIP isn't at the application layer because no application can use it (within reason) and the application layer needs it to find the route to the. 2) Application layer of the OSI model. The network interface card operates at which layer of the OSI model? Upgrade to remove ads. Routers are mainly. Transport layer. upvoted 4 times. The physical layer is the first and bottom-most layer of the OSI Reference Model. All of the layers work together to create a digital message. Select a common routing protocol to research and describe for your peers. show interfaces. Source BEAST attack on SSL/TLS explained . In contrast, routers operate at Layer 3 (the Network Layer). Network switches operate at layer two (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model. A router operates at Layer 3 of the OSI model -- the network layer. However, when it comes to understanding network data. ) and more. A switch, a router, and a hub each operate on a different layer. Routers operate at which layer of the OSI model? Network. A router operates at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Data Link layer, Physical layer. If many devices are connected to the same router then there is a change of packet drop because a router may not be able to handle all the requests. B. Layer 4 (Transport Layer) b. The. Routers operate at Layer 3 of the OSI model. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for converting the packet to an electrical signal that will be placed on the wire? Group of answer choices. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Routers operate on which of the following layers of the OSI Model? Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 None of the above Layer 1, Which of the following ports is used for SMTP? 80 53 110 25, At which of the following OSI layers does the hub operate? Network Transport Physical Data link and. Transport Layer Correct Answer…. The diagram shows how the TCP/IP and OSI models compare. upvoted 3 times. Which two of the following are included as part of Data Link Layer specifications? (Logical Topology, the other options are performed by Physical Layer) Click the card to flip 👆. A hub operates at OSI model layer 1 (physical), while a router and a firewall operate at layer 3(network). The layers are ordered. List the layers of the OSI Model in order from Top to Bottom: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data link, Physical. MAC, switches) Network (e. Routers are used to connect a WAN or WAN to your LAN or connect dissimilar networks together. If it's running as a router then it's running a L3 service. Lower Layers of the OSI Model. They also help in routing of IP datagrams that are. Service definitions, like the OSI model, abstractly describe the functionality provided to a layer N by a layer N−1, where N is one of the seven layers of protocols operating in the local host. Figure 1-1: The OSI reference model. g. 8 False Reason MAC addresses can be defined as they work at the data link layer (Layer 2 of the OSI model). The key difference between hubs, switches and bridges is that hubs operate at Layer 1 of the OSI model, while bridges and switches work with MAC addresses at Layer 2 of the OSI model. It contains four layers, unlike the seven layers in the OSI model. C. At which of the following layers of the OSI model is the problem MOST likely. Application – This is the layer that is closest to the user. 3 Con±gure NAT 5. In the 7-layer OSI model (see below), the network layer is layer 3. MAC sublayer of the data link layer e. A router works at Layer 3 of the OSI model – the Network Layer. At this layer, routers are a crucial. The OSI model, which stands for Open Systems Interconnection model, provides a structured framework for conceptualizing the different stages and. Differences Between the TCP/IP and OSI Model. To connect networks and intelligently choose the best paths between networks. Each OSI layer has its protocols and functions, which enable communication between two endpoints on different networks. How does a router function in the context of the OSI model, and at which layer does it primarily operate? arrow_forward The TCP/IP application layer is the name given to the combined session, presentation, and application layers that are included in the OSI model. It's responsible for providing network services to application processes running on a host like web browsers, email clients and file-sharing programs. Routers are networking devices operating at layer 3 or a network layer of the OSI model. The MAC address is burned into the network interface card, and a switch uses the MAC address to make forwarding. Expand Post. At the pinnacle of this structure is the Application Layer. OSI Transport Layer. It deals with transferring bits over a physical connection, either cable or fibers. Routers operate on the third layer of the OSI Model, the Network-Control Layer. Although we are expected and should know all layers! As you know, when wireless doesn't work, its a wireless problem regardless if it's routing or something else! The 802. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like routers operate at which layer of the OSI model, bits are packaged into frames at which layer of the OSI model, benefit one of using a layered data network model and more. The main work of the physical layer of the OSI model is to activate, maintain,. Bridge The "network layer" is the part of the Internet communications process where these connections occur, by sending packets of data back and forth between different networks. Some switches can also forward data at the network layer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating routing…. Which of the following network connectivity devices operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model? A. , The system configuration dialog presents a series of prompts that guide you through the initial. Routers work with each other, but those are public routers made for this purpose (think huge information hubs, a bit like airports for information). A router regenerates signals, whereas a hub interprets addressing information to ensure that data is directed to the proper destination. Here are the 7 Layers of the OSI Model: #1) Layer 1 – Physical layer. This architecture determines how hardware, software,topologies, and protocols exist and operate on a network. A layer 3 firewall is a type of firewall that operates on the third layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The Internet mostly operates on a simplified model. Data-link. Routers work on layer 3, i. A switch operates at layer 2 of the open systems interconnection (OSI) model. Which layer of the OSI model do routers operate? Layer 3. Here are some important differences between the Router and Switch: Router. This model defines seven Layers that describe. They are used to connect networks together. A Hub is a layer-1 device and operates only in the physical network of the OSI Model. The 7 layers of the OSI model. About us. They cannot work on Layer 3 of the OSI model (routers and Layer 3 switches can do that). AH protects the data as well as the. The other components are part of the link layer (layer 2), as they handle framing, MAC addressing etc. The Internet Protocol (IP) is one of the main protocols used at this layer, along with several other protocols for routing, testing, and encryption. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like At what layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model does a router function?, True/False: The Transport layer converts digital data into electronic signals to be put on a wire. The biggest difference between the two models is that the OSI model segments multiple functions that the TCP/IP model groups into single layers. IP and IPX are examples of protocols that operate in which layer of the OSI model? Physical Layer. Layer 4 Answer: c. They use routing tables or routing policies to direct incoming traffic to the appropriate destinations. This requires stripping off the datalink layer frame information. After reading your text and conducting online research, explain the primary layer of the OSI model that routers operate in. The TCP/IP model is more straightforward and has fewer layers than the OSI model. The 7 Layers of OSI Model Explained. Routers operate on the third layer of the OSI Model, the Network-Control Layer. As shown in Figure 3-1, the seven layers of the OSI model are as follows: Figure 3-1. In TCP data link layer and physical layer are combined as a single host-to-network layer. Note that an interface may contain one or more ports (See below). Identifying physical network devices. B. This layer actually deals with making connection of two distinct station points. Once you know all the layers in the OSI and TCP/IP model, then move on to learning the details of each layer individually starting from the Physical layer up to the Application layer (Hint: you don't really need to learn layers 5 or 6, you. Specifically, the antennas and transceivers are the physical layer (layer 1), as they receive aerial signals and convert them to bytes (and vice versa). • If routers reside at more than one layer, what is the difference between OSI layers? Since routers are identified as Layer-3 devices, because they process logical addressing information in the Network header of a packet, such as IP addresses. can verify that other devices successfully connect to the phone. The OSI model defines standards for: The way in which devices communicate between each other. But as i can understand, it is best suited in Layers 5 and 6 of the ISO/OSI model. D. The physical layer sends data bits from one device (s) (like a computer) to. Question 30 A Router operates in which layer of TCP/IP Reference Model? Layer 1 (Physical Layer) Layer 2 (Link Layer) O Layer 3 (Network Layer) Layer 5 (Application Layer) Question 31 A Switch operates in which layer of TCP/IP Reference Model?. The lowest layer of the OSI model is concerned with data communication in the form of electrical, optic, or electromagnetic signals physically transmitting information between. They are even faster than the conventional routers as they perform the routing of data packets without using additional hops, thereby leading to. 1. Routers are the workhorse of Layer 3 - we couldn’t have Layer 3 without them. It takes in packets sent by devices that are connected to. Explain how network devices such as routers operate at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. Rather than passing packets based on the Media Access Control (MAC) Layer addresses (as bridges do), a router examines the packet's data structure and determines whether or not to forward it. The switch can be a two layer switch that is a bridge and a three layer switch that is a router. Routers operate at: (Select two answers) 1) Physical layer of the OSI model. " [2] In the OSI reference model, the communications between systems are. For more, you can refer to the Article Working of DHCP. ) What technology is used to. The Internet model simply classifies everything above the transport level as application. ; A network is a group of interconnected computers for the. TCP/IP was designed and developed by the Department of Defense (DoD) in the 1960s and is based on standard protocols. Log in Join. Hubs operate at the Physical Layer of the OSI model. Layer 3 ( Network layer ) Explanation NAT routers operate at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI Model. A network switch forwards data to its destination by examining an incoming frame's MAC address and sending it to the device with the matching address. This is true of both the application and network access layers of the TCP/IP model, which contain multiple layers outlined within the OSI model. By comparison, a Layer 2 switch has the ability to learn which ports correspond with which MAC addresses by using forwarding tables. It reads the MAC address to make frame forwarding decisions. The Internet Protocol (IP) is one of the main protocols used at this layer, along with several other. Physical The ____ sublayer of the Data Link layer defines how data is packaged for the network. Typically a device that would direct traffic based on transport layer. Which of the following devices operate at the Data Link layer of the OSI model? (Select 3) - Repeaters - Bridges - Hubs - Routers - network interface cards (NICs) - switches - Bridges - network interface cards (NICs) - switches The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a series of layers through which computer systems use to communicate. Topologies: Bus, Ring, Star, and Mesh topology. and more. , travels beyond the switch - routers direct it until it reaches its final destination. 12. It provides a space for the router functionality necessary for a computer networking system. Switches operate at the Data Link layer and are responsible for forwarding frames within a network. Routers operate on the network layer of the OSI model. Video. Author: Jean Andrews. 7 False Reason Switches can be defined as they are basically layered 2 . Ethernet hubs operate at layer 1. Layer 7 load balancers base their routing decisions on various characteristics of the HTTP header and on the actual contents of the message, such as the URL, the type of data (text, video. Types of Computer. 16 Chapter 2 U NDERSTANDING L AYER 2, 3, AND 4 P. Layer 3 (Network Layer) d. Climbing up a layer on the OSI model, the router exists on Layer 3—the IP layer. upvoted 3 times. D. A. 4. It is primarily used today as a teaching tool. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is used by bridges to make bridging decisions?, A bridge normally operates at which of the following layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model?, A Layer 2 switch is used to switch: and more. Presentation c. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following statements are true about bridges? (Select two. 4 NAT Facts q_nat_nat_02_secp7. Layer 2 switches: These switches operate at the Data Link layer of the OSI model and are responsible for forwarding data between devices on the same network. Some switches can also forward data at the network layer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating routing…. This uses port numbers as source and destination identifiers. A network administrator configures a SOHO router for a small business. Transport, What is an advantage of using a switch rather than a bridge? a. In addition to following the rules of the protocol, each layer provides a set of services to the other layers in the model. Router operates in which layer of OSI Reference Model? Layer 1 (Physical Layer) Layer 3 (Network Layer) Layer 4 (Transport Layer) Layer 7 (Application Layer)A: In the OSI Model routers have a role to play, in the Network layer (Layer 3). Routers operate on which layer of the OSI Model? Routers function at the OSI network model’s three lowest layers: the physical layer, data link layer, and network layer. B. cable, RJ45) Data Link (e. Before the. 1 Network Address Translation 5. ) Layer 2 of the OSI model is known as the data link layer. 1. The bottom layer, or Layer 1, of the OSI reference model is called the physical layer. A router is a commonly utilised Layer 3 device. e. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Routers operate at which layer of the OSI model? a. The highest layer, the application layer, is closest to the end user. Router will offer NAT, NetFlow and QoS Services. BIT 5564. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model describes seven layers that computer systems use to communicate over a network. Chapter 2. Typically, routers route traffic from the LAN to the WAN but, in larger enterprises or campus environments, routers route traffic between multiple IP subnets on the same large LAN. Several authors have attempted to incorporate the OSI model's layers 1 and 2 into the TCP/IP model since these are commonly referred to in modern standards (for example, by IEEE and ITU). This requires stripping off the datalink layer frame information. Routers operate at layer 3 of the OSI model while switches operate at layer 2. For example, HTTPS is referred to as an application (or Layer 7) protocol. The network layer is the third layer in the OSI model. Most user-facing protocols and applications like HTTP, FTP and SMTP operate on layer 7. These types of firewalls operate at all layers of the OSI model. OSI Model Overview. The switch forwards frames to the appropriate port. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model defines a networking framework to implement protocols in layers, with control passed from one layer to the next. Layer 3 switches do both switching as well as routing. The 7 Layers of OSI Model Explained. lazynbored_94. Which OSI layer is responsible for the mechanical connection to the network?. Session layer - It establishes the. Layer 2 switches work at layers 2 and 1,. Definition: Physical layer is a layer 1 in the OSI model that plays major activity for interacting along with hardware components and signal mechanism system. It consists of seven layers stacked upon each other in order from the lowest to the highest level. Physical Layer. 10. OSI Model Reference Chart (courtesy of Cisco, The Cisco Learning Network) Layer 1: Physical layer (the wire) – transporting bitsThe network layer is the third layer in the OSI model. , In addition to the AUX and the console ports, you can use five virtual terminals (VTY) to configure a Cisco router. Instead of just node-to-node communication, we can now do network-to-network communication. OSI Data Link Layer. The OSI Transport Layer: A. Since it works in the physical layer, it mainly deals with the data in the form of bits or electrical signals. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Routers operate at which layer of the OSI model?, Bits are packaged into frames at which layer of the OSI model?, Which of the following are benefits of using a layered network model? A . joshuaje1. OSI Reference Model: Open System Interconnection - It is a reference model that describes how information from one computer moves through a physical medium to another computer. Identified Q&As 6. The network layer receives requests from the transport layer (Layer 4) and sends requests to the data link Layer (Layer 2). For any type of data processing or transfer to be a success, both the sender and the receiver must work according the OSI model's rules. 8. The OSI model breaks the complex process of network communications into seven distinct layers, each with it own distinct responsibilities. Traditionally, routers operate at OSI Level 3, but modern routers can operate at level 2 or even level 4. A gateway is typically used on the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, but it could theoretically be deployed on any of the OSI layers. Each layer performs a specific job before it sends the data on to the next. So the 7 layers of the OSI Model is broken down as follows: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical. Physical layer 8. Find step-by-step Computer science solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: Router operates in which layer of OSI Reference Model? a. Layer N cannot send (or receive) data without Layer N-1. Hubs flood incoming packets to all ports all the time. 4/23/2020. The Open Systems Interconnection model ( OSI model) is a conceptual model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection. Most switches. Switch will not offer such. mj915370. The layers interact sequentially, passing information up and down, transforming data into a usable format. Layer 7 load balancers operate at the highest level in the OSI model, the application layer (on the Internet, HTTP is the dominant protocol at this layer). As shown in Figure 2-4, a firewall system can operate at five of the seven layers of the OSI reference model. 1) WAN operations focus primarily on the physical layer (OSI Layer 1) and the data link layer (OSI Layer 2), as illustrated in Figure 1-12. Switch will not offer such services. At the top of the OSI Model hierarchy, the Application Layer is like the user’s interface with the network. OSI Network Layer. it specifies how changes to one layer must be propagated through the other layers. The physical layer concerns the part of the model used for transmitting raw data bits (0s and 1s) across the network between sending and receiving devices. It was the first standard model for network communications, adopted by all major computer and telecommunication companies in the early 1980s. It uses IP addresses to link different subnets together using dynamic routing protocols. In this section we will focus on Layer 2 switches. Routers work on layer 3, i. ” Each layer takes care of a very specific job, and then passes the data onto the next layer. It stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. 1. In an IP layer 3 network, the IP portion of the datagram has to be read. The physical layer, layer 1, is too often ignored in a classroom setting. The data transmission form of a router is called a packet while in a switch, it is called a frame. A Layer 3 switch is a high-performance device for network routing. Routers operate at the Network layer and are responsible for receiving data from the Network layer and dividing it into distinct frames, which can then be transmitted by the Physical layer. Networks operate on one basic principle: “pass it on. These layers are: Physical Layer; Data Link Layer;. Layer 1: The Physical Layer. List the layers of the OSI Model in order from Top to Bottom: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data link, Physical. Routers operate at the Network layer and are responsible for receiving data from the Network layer and dividing it into distinct frames, which can then be. C. it specifies how changes to one layer must be propagated through the other layers. The physical layer sends data bits from one device (s) (like a computer) to. Layer3 acts as mediation for layer2 data link layer and transport layer. Traditional Internet routers operate at the Network layer by examining Layer 3 addressing information before making a decision on where a packet should be. As of TCP/IP it is application layer. Which of the following are benefits of using a layered network model? A . Routers operate at the Network Layer of the OSI model. It has four layers, typically: The network access layer, which combines the OSI. A switch operates at the OSI model layer 2 (data link). It. For "textbook" routers this ends in layer 3 (at least for the data plane). , The system configuration dialog presents a series of prompts that guide you through the initial configuration for the router. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Routers operate at which layer of the OSI model? Physical Transport Network MAC sublayer of the data link layer Session, Bits are packaged into frames at which layer of the OSI model? Data link Transport Physical Presentation Application, Which of the following are benefits of using. 1 / 6. Presentation layer 3. Once traffic leaves the local area network - i. This layer handles data formatting and translation. Rather than passing packets based on the Media Access Control (MAC) Layer addresses (as bridges do), a router examines the packet's data structure and determines whether or not to forward it. The AP's are completely managed from the controller and are considered lightweight or dumb AP's as they have no configuration on the AP itself. Here are some important differences between the Router and Switch: Router. This layer. Generally, LAN switches support Ethernet LAN interfaces of various speeds. Network (IPSec works at the Network layer of the OSI model (Layer 3) and secures all applications that operate above it (Layer 4 and above). These networks use a certain data link layer (L2) protocol and that is employed by the router to reach the next hop. The Internet layer, which is called the network layer in the OSI model; Transport layer; Application layer, which combines OSI layers 5,6, and 7. 30 seconds. A Layer 3 switch is a high-performance device for network routing. A computer network is a system in which two or more computers are connected using cable or wireless technology to sending and receiving data for the purpose of communication. Layer 2 switches forward data based on the destination MAC address (see below for definition), while layer 3 switches forward data based on the destination IP address. (gateway)-ex: web browser is Firefox-Application problems are diagnosed here. Expert-verified. A router's main job is to get packets from one network to another. 5) Layer 5 of the OSI model. , In addition to the AUX and the console ports, you can use five virtual terminals (VTY) to configure a Cisco router. It also characterizes the media type, connector type and signal type to be used for communication. com. Layer 3 is positioned between the transport layer and the data link layer. Routers can also perform other functions such as NAT, DHCP, or Quality of Service (. Layers 2 and 3 b. If it's running as a router then it's running a L3 service. Routers operate at Layer 3 (network layer) of the OSI. Chapter 2 study aid for Network+ Guide to Networks, 6th edition, Tamara Dean. The layer-3 switches work at the 3rd Layer of the OSI reference model and perform the routing of data packets using IP addresses. Routers. These devices support a much wider variety of interfaces than switches. In an IP layer 3 network, the IP portion of the datagram has to be read. At what layer of the OSI model do proxy servers operate? a. Figure 24-1 shows the OSI layers, as compared with TCP/IP and Novell NetWare. 8. D. ), Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for synchronizing the exchange of data between two devices at the application level? and. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like At what layer of the OSI model does PPTP work? a. We’ve mentioned that networking devices operate at specific layers of the OSI model. Network Layer in OSI Model Network layer is often used in networking and is the third level of the Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI Model). A network switch is a physical device that operates at the Data Link layer of the Open Systems Interconnection ( OSI) model — Layer 2. The Layer 2 protocol you’re likely. 138. If you use PAT you could argue that it is working at layer 4 as well because it MIGHT change the source port of the. Layer 2 vs Layer 3 switches. At which of the following OSI layers does a router operate? Network interface cards Bridges Switches. Edited by Admin. Routers operate at Layer 3 and deal with IP addresses. For example, the Ethernet standard for 100BaseT cable specifies the electrical. Additionally, because it was designed by the IETF to work with IPv4 and IPv6, it has broad industry support and is quickly becoming the standard for VPNs on the Internet. Word processing operates at layer _____. The first 4 layers of the model really work at the operating system/software level, within the host:. However, it is not sent to another network. NAPT, the most common form of NAT, works on layers 3 and 4. Routers operate at Layer 3 and deal with IP addresses. Switches: these maintain forwarding tables which map MAC. Switch. Explain the role of a router in the OSI model, and provide an example of a real-world device that operates at this layer. In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the network layer is layer 3. 3, 3, 1, 7. Answer: (C). This distinction leads to confusion over the definition and purpose of a Layer 3 switch, also called a multilayer switch. When a data packet arrives, the router inspects the destination address, consults its routing tables to decide the optimal route and then. The OSI Model can be seen as a universal language for computer networking. The TCP/IP model network layer's (layer 3) functions are similar to the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI model. It uses MAC addresses to facilitate communication within devices from the same network. Hubs flood incoming packets to all ports all the time. 1: Explain the function of each layer of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. 4. Routers operate at the Network Layer. The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a seven layer conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system. . This determination is made based on the network information within the. shekhar chauhan. , switches are only looking at the frame, at the Layer 2 header to make a decision. OSI stands for Open System Interconnection is a reference model that describes how information from a software application in one computer moves through a physical medium to the software application in another computer. For example, an IP router looks only at the IP network number. They mark the border between the LAN and the WAN. Routers operate at the lowest three layers of the OSI network model: the physical layer, data link layer and network layer. The NIC's interface itself is a Physical layer (layer 1) device, the physical address (also known as MAC address) of the adapter as well as the drivers to control the NIC are located at the Data Link layer's MAC sub-layer. It mainly provides the bitstream transmission. 3. A device that connects separate networks and forwards a packet from one network to another based only on the network address for the protocol being used. Question 11. Routers operate at Layer 3 (Network) of the OSI seven-layer model. e Network and Data Link layers of the OSI model. TCP/IP Internet Layer. It is responsible for transmitting individual bits from one node to the next. What layer number is the Session layer of the OSI model? 5. it facilitates troubleshooting. Chapter 2 study aid for Network+ Guide to Networks, 6th edition, Tamara Dean. The name of layer 3 in the OSI is the Network Layer. The network layer is layer 3 of OSI model. Jerrick Leger. The OSI model, which stands for Open Systems Interconnection model, provides a structured framework for conceptualizing the different. The router will use a routing table to decide which interface and path should be used for forwarding each packet. A layer of the TCP/IP model is both connection-oriented and connectionless. Physical. Discuss the role of hubs, switches, and routers in the context of the OSI model. As discussed in the previous section, the OSI Model is composed of seven layers with the application layer, which is closest to the end user, at the top, going all the way down to physical layer. Example: Packets can travel different routes. Each OSI model layer is part of a seven-stage stack. Routers serve two main functions, namely, they manage the traffic moving between networks by forwarding data to the desired IP address, and they allow multiple devices to. Explain how routers operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. Session. It accepts frames of data from Layer 2, the data link layer, and transmits their structure and content serially, one bit at a time. Data transmission performance: Bit Rate and Bit Synchronization. A repeater operates at the physical layer of the OSI model. arrow_forward Routing is the responsibility of network layer 2 switches and it determines which link should be next. Layer 3, What advantage does AH have of SPAP? a. 3. In a web application this would be. Layer 3 b. What kind of lines do cable modems use? Cable TV lines. 3) Layer 3 of the OSI model. The Network Layer is the third layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack from the bottom. Using this model, the functioning of a networking system can be easily explained.